1. Definition
Covalent binding is a chemical bonding process whereby to atoms form a covalent bond by sharing pairs of electrons to achieve stability and noble gas configuration.
2. Chemical background
This phenomenon typically occurs between atoms with comparable electronegativities. In the case of atoms with nearly similar electronegativities, the electrons are equally distributed what results in a non-polarized bond. Nevertheless, if one atom exhibits greater electronegativity, it attracts the shared electrons in closer proximity, thereby forming a polar bond.