1. Definition
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are conserved molecular structures found on the surface of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, that are recognized by the immune system’s pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). This recognition triggers innate immune responses aimed at neutralizing the pathogens.
2. Types of PAMPs
- Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
- Peptidoglycan
- Lipoteichoic acid
- Flagellin
- Bacterial DNA (CpG DNA)
- Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
- Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)
- Mannan
- Zymosan
- Viral envelope proteins