1. Definition
The right coronary artery (RCA) is one of the two main coronary arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. It primarily provides blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and part of the inferior portion of the left ventricle in most individuals.
2. Course
Originate from right cusp. Passes through coronary sulcus and reaches the diaphragmatic surface of the heart.
3. Branches
- Right marginal artery
- Posterior interventricular artery
- Others (right conus branch, SA node branch, Atrial branches, AV node branch)
4. Supply
Right atrium, right ventricle except small area just right to the anterior interventricular sulcus, SA node, AV node, smaller part of LV left to the posterior interventricular sulcus, inferior posterior third of the interventricular septum.
5. Clinical relevance
Clinically, the right coronary artery (RCA) plays a critical role in maintaining the function of the right side of the heart and parts of the conduction system. Blockages or stenosis in the RCA can lead to conditions such as inferior myocardial infarction (heart attack affecting the inferior wall of the heart) or conduction abnormalities, including bradycardia or heart block, due to impaired blood supply to the SA and AV nodes.
6. Diagnostics
RCA occlusion is often diagnosed through coronary angiography and may require interventions like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).